What is the primary effect of an immunosuppressive drug?

The primary effect of an immunosuppressive drug is to partially or completely suppress the immune response. These medications are designed to inhibit the activity of the immune system. This is particularly useful in scenarios such as transplant surgery, where a patient's immune system must be suppressed to prevent it from rejecting the transplanted organ. Additionally, immunosuppressants can be critical in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly targets the body’s own tissues.

The action of these drugs reduces the immune system’s ability to respond to pathogens, which can make individuals more susceptible to infections. This suppression can be achieved through various mechanisms, such as inhibiting the proliferation of immune cells or blocking the production of signaling molecules that activate immune responses. Understanding this function is essential when administering such medications, ensuring a balance between preventing organ rejection or managing autoimmune conditions while monitoring the risks of infection due to reduced immunity.